Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a peptide hormone under the regulation of the cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein. Evidence suggests that BDNF is required for neuronal health, synaptic plasticity, and may play a role in memory and learning. Chronic stress can reduce levels of BDNF because the major stress hormone cortisol is able to reduce cellular levels of CREB which in turn reduces the expression of the BDNF. Further, stress increases levels of oxidative stress in the brain because cortisol can increase expression of inflammatory cytokines, and a by-product of this is the generation of free radicals which is the cause of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been shown to downregulate neuronal levels of BDNF and this may have detrimental effects on synaptic plasticity, neuronal health and memory.
Moderate drinking increases levels of BDNF in the dorsal striatum, which in turn acts to inhibit alcohol intake through expression and activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK). However at high intakes, alcohol lowers BDNF in the cortex and hippocampus, and the lower BDNF expression is associated with increased alcohol intakes in mouse models. Therefore whilst moderate drinking may protect the brain and improve memory, as intake rises the detrimental effect starts to negatively affect the individual such that not only is neuronal health and brain function compromised, but a greater desire for alcohol reinforces this process, causing further dysfunction with continued drinking. As drinking is often used as a strategy to counteract stress, these data would suggest that this can only be a successful strategy if the drinking is moderated significantly.
Eat Well, Stay HEalthy, Protect Yourself
RdB
