D-aspartic acid is unusual in that amino acids normally utilised in the human body are the levo L-forms. Other D-forms of amino acids sound in humans include the free forms of D-alanine, G-glutamate and D-serine. Most D-aspartic acid in mammals is found in the brain, eyes and testes. D-aspartic acid has a number of functions in humans. In particular, d-aspartic acid can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and thereby initiate impulses in the glutamate system of neurones. The general effect of this is to cause excitatory effects in the brain. D-aspartic acid may also increase cyclic AMP in neurones, and the subsequent cyclic AMP may travel through the neurone to the terminal of the cell, when it can act as a second messenger. D-aspartic acid may also cause the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone and in the pituitary gland it may cause the release of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH). In the testes, D-aspartic acid may cause the release of testosterone and progesterone, meaning that D-aspartic acid appears to play a significant role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.
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