β-caryophyllene is a phytocannabinoid found in a number of plants including cannabis, black caraway, cloves, hops, basil, oregano, black pepper, ylang-ylang, lavender and rosemary. β-caryophyllene may activate the CB2 cannabinoid receptor in humans and animals. Other plants contain phytochemicals that also interact with the endogenous cannabinoid system. Cocoa for example contains a number of chemicals that can inhibit the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide. Modulation of the cannabinoid system in this way may explain the anti-anxiety effects of many plant extracts.
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