Phytoestrogens are plant derived chemicals that can attach to the oestrogen receptor in humans and animals. They generally have low activity on the receptor, but are able to cause stimulation and thus can be said to have an oestrogenic effect. In females there are a number of situations whereby supplementation with phytoestrogens may be advantageous, for example following the menopause when levels of oestrogen fall. However, in males phytoestrogens can have some detrimental negative effects on reproductive function. Phytoestrogens are often prescribed as a way to reduce blood lipids and balance cholesterol levels, and they are effective in this role. However, the downside to phytoestrogens may be a detrimental effect on sperm count, testosterone and sex drive, which may cause significant low mood in men. Food high in phytoestrogens, such as fennel, should therefore be eaten sparingly by men that are interested in maintaining their overall reproductive function.
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