Polyphenols are a large group of phytochemicals that are found in all plants. Edible plants contain polyphenols and evidence suggests that they are absorbed and metabolised in humans and animals. Polyphenols have a number of health effects, and in particular may be effective against mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Polyphenols can affect the brain, and it is therefore likely that either the polyphenols, or more likely their metabolites, are able to cross the blood brain barrier. Polyphenols are also able alter the function of the gut, and in doing so may indirectly affect the brain through activation of the vagus nerve. Polyphenols can affect cellular energy metabolism, and can modulate secondary messenger systems that can affect brain plasticity. This may be one of the mechanisms by which they are able to improve cognition and elevate mood. Diets high in plant containing polyphenols may therefore be a useful treatment against the development of mood disorders.
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