The bacteria and other microorganisms present in the gut are referred to as the microbiome. They are composed mainly of around 1000-1500 known bacterial species with most individuals possessing around 160 to 500 species each. This suggests that the microbiome of each individual varies considerably, and evidence suggests one of the main determinants of this is the diet. The microbiome is highly important as the bacteria produce antibiotics that prevent the colonisation of tissues by pathogenic bacteria. Polyphenols are a significant source of nutrition for the bacteria in the human gut and the bacteria can metabolise dietary polyphenols to a number of other useful compounds. Some of these compounds are highly beneficial to the host immune system. Thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint and other herbs can inhibit bacterial growth because of their polyphenolic content. Polyphenols can therefore significantly change the composition of the microbiome by preferentially inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria.
Eat Well, Stay Healthy, Protect Yourself
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