G;ycine is the smallest and simplest of the amino acids and the only proteinaceous amino acid not to display chriality. Glycine has a number of functions in humans aside from its use in forming proteins and these include the synthesis of glutathione. Glycine can also exert a number of physiological effects that occur through its ability to attach to a number of receptors including the glycine anion channel protein and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Activation of the NMDA receptor may lead to neuroprotective effects in the case of glycine. Normal blood levels of glycine in man are 300 micromolar, but taking dietary supplements can raise plasma levels to 900 micromolar. In studies up to 90 grams of glycine per day over several weeks have been used in man without harmful side effects, evidencing its safety. Glycine may also stimulate the release of growth hormone in man, and in this regard may have certain fat oxidising and tissue regenerative effects.
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