The gut-brain axis describes the neuronal and hormonal link between the intestinal tract and the central nervous system. This includes a large amount of neuronal connections and a dedicated hormonal system that sends, receives and processes information about the energy, nutrients and health of the gut. Studies have investigated the effects that coffee can have on this system and the downstream health effects this may cause. Coffee is a complex mixture of caffeine, polyphenols, amino acids, diterpene, melanoids and a large number of other phytochemicals. Evidence suggests that coffee may act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative agent, and this might in turn decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Coffee can affect the gut-brain axis because it is able to modulate short-term appetite. In this regard, the pro-motility effects of coffee on the smooth muscle of the gut may stimulate appetite through the stimulation of the nervous connection to the brain.
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