The physiological effects of boron can be evidenced in studies that have investigated the effects of boron deficiencies in humans and animals. For example, in rats, chickens and humans, boron deficiencies have been observed and the symptoms recorded. The main effects of inadequate boron in the diet include abnormal growth and poor bone development. This latter effect is supported by evidence that shows that boron deficiency also causes an increase in calcium excretion. The bone problems associated with boron deficiency are exacerbated by deficiencies of other essential substances required for bone formation including vitamin D. In addition, a low magnesium diet can also exacerbate boron deficiency symptoms, suggesting an interaction between the two minerals. The primary sources of boron for humans are fruits and vegetables. Most fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds are rich in boron and a plant based diet can provide adequate boron, assuming that the boron is present in the plants because they have been grown in mineral rich soils. Some boron is also obtained from drinking water.
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Devirian, T. A. and Volpe, S. L. 2003. The physiological effects of dietary boron.Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 43(2):219-231
